May 01, 2023
Core networks vs regional networks vs access networks
As the trend towards digitisation continues to expand, businesses increasingly need strong networks to meet their digital demands. Networks play a vital role in enabling communication, data transfer and collaboration among devices, applications and users.
The size, scope and range of networks can differ significantly. By understanding the architecture and functionality of these networks, organisations can make well-informed decisions regarding their digital transformation while upholding a secure and efficient network infrastructure.
The backbone of modern digital architecture consists of three primary types of networks: core networks, regional networks and access networks. These networks work together harmoniously to deliver a smooth and uninterrupted experience for end-users. However, any failure within these networks, whether it be in one or all of them, can hinder productivity and jeopardise the reliability of communication.
What are core networks?
Core networks establish connections between continents, countries and significant national network nodes. These robust and high-performance networks form the fundamental infrastructure for businesses. The core network's primary role is to enable seamless data transmission between regional and access networks.
By facilitating network interconnection, core networks ensure effective data exchange among network operators, guaranteeing accessibility to every host. This infrastructure comprises routers, switches and other essential networking equipment that efficiently direct data towards its intended destination.
Core networks play a crucial role in efficiently routing data over extensive distances and they often rely on high-speed fibre optic cables. This ensures incredibly fast speeds of several gigabits per second (Gbps) and establishes a low-latency connection with minimal delays.
One notable aspect of core networks is their exceptional security and reliability. They are built with redundancy in mind, allowing data traffic to be swiftly rerouted through alternative connections in the event of a failure. Additionally, core networks employ advanced security measures, including firewalls, to safeguard against cyber attacks and data breaches.
What are regional networks?
A regional network serves as the connecting link between various geographical regions, such as cities or provinces. Its purpose is to enable seamless communication and data transfer across different areas, primarily utilised by telecommunications companies to deliver services to end-users. Moreover, regional networks provide the necessary infrastructure for businesses to communicate and collaborate effectively, even across multiple locations.
Functioning as a bridge connecting core networks and access networks, regional networks share technological similarities with core networks. However, they do not provide any network interconnection between different network operators. Instead, regional networks primarily serve as connection lines.
Scalability and flexibility stand out as paramount attributes of regional networks. These networks possess the capacity to expand seamlessly in response to growing data demands, accommodating a larger number of users and devices.
Furthermore, regional networks offer customisation options to cater to the unique needs of enterprises and businesses. They can be tailored to provide dedicated connections linking multiple geographical locations. This inherent scalability and flexibility make regional networks vital components within modern network architecture.
What are access networks?
An access network, commonly known as the "last mile", represents the final link in the network chain, establishing the connection between end-users and the core and regional networks. It offers a direct connection to the network operators’ point of presence (PoP). Its primary purpose is to deliver internet or network access to individual devices or users, including computers, phones and Internet of Things (IoT) devices.
Access networks typically use different transmission technologies and infrastructure compared to regional or core networks. They use a diverse range of technologies, including wired and wireless connections, to provide connectivity. These technologies collectively form the infrastructure of access networks.
Wired connections encompass a range of options such as cable modems, DSL and fibre optic cables. Wireless connections comprise technologies like WiFi, cellular networks, microwave or satellite. The choice of the kind of technology used depends on factors such as geographical location, bandwidth requirements and the number of users.
Access networks are characterised by their important availability and accessibility features. Users can connect to these networks from various locations, including their homes, offices or public areas. Furthermore, access networks are designed to be user-friendly, ensuring that users can quickly and easily establish connections to the network.
Difference between the three network types
Although all three network types aim to enable communication and data transfer, there are several key differences between them. Core networks take on the crucial role of routing data over extensive distances, while regional networks establish connections between different geographical regions. Access networks, on the other hand, provide the final link to individual users or devices.
Consequently, there are significant variations in terms of coverage and the scale of data transmission among these network types. This disparity also leads to differences in the technologies employed. Core and regional networks typically rely on high-speed fibre optic cables and advanced networking equipment. In contrast, access networks may utilise a combination of wired and wireless technologies to fulfil their connectivity requirements.
Another significant distinction lies in the level of security and redundancy offered by each network type. Core networks are meticulously designed to provide a high degree of security and redundancy, ensuring the utmost protection and reliability. In contrast, regional and access networks may have comparatively more limited security and redundancy measures in place.
Furthermore, the ownership and management structures differ across the network types. Core networks are commonly owned and managed by prominent telecommunications companies or government organisations. In contrast, regional and access networks may be operated by smaller internet service providers (ISPs) or businesses, reflecting a more decentralised ownership and management framework.
Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the differences between these three network types is crucial when it comes to designing and maintaining a resilient network infrastructure. Though they share common purposes, it is important to understand these differences to empower network architects and administrators in establishing secure, reliable and efficient networks.
As a Tier 1 Network Operator, SEACOM Business offers comprehensive network solutions to Kenyan organisations, encompassing core, regional and access networks. With our expertise, we specialise in assisting large enterprises in designing and implementing robust network architectures, ensuring optimal performance and functionality. For more information or to get a quote, email us at marketing@seacom.com or leave us a message.
SEACOM owns Africa’s largest network of information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure, including fibre optic networks and subsea cables. We offer a wide range of industry-leading scalable ICT solutions for large companies that operate throughout the region.
SEACOM is privately owned - making it adaptable to the needs of the client. We are the preferred ICT and internet connectivity supplier for African enterprises. We can guarantee fast, reliable and secure internet and networking services at affordable prices.
For more information on these solutions, follow us on LinkedIn, Facebook or Twitter. Keep an eye on our news section for industry news and announcements on African ICT, internet connectivity, cloud services and security solutions.